Hydraulic power transmission apparatus



June 27, 1939. E. L. DURRELL ET AL 52,164,173

I HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet l m n R N N g 4414 )NVENTORS. BY M TM 1441 ATTORNEY.

June 27, 1939. L, DURRELL ET AL 2,164,173

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS IN EN 0R3. M TA-wr,

m B M ATTORNEY.

June 27, 1939. E. DURRELL ET AL 2,164,173

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1938 4 Sheets- Sheet 3 l +,H mum Q? a M? in I :s R IN 3 l\ 0 a} N N qg w 05 Si N (\N K} MS a? N a 3W 00 00 N p? Q INVENTORS. %MMTM Mm it W ATTORNEY.

, June 27, 1939.

E L. DURRELL ET AL HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 J ,1 N58 N 8 w W N w N QNQJ a a a N w m W 75 IZVV NTORS. BY ZIIM:

44:1 ATTORNEY.

f'atented June 27, .1939 r NI ED TE missus r nyhmiiirlc POWER 'rmmsmssibfi ARA'rUs Ernest L. Darrell, Jersey City, N; J.,"and Merton 1 t T. Archer, Toledo, Ohio, assi'xnors to The Natioml Supply Company, Pittsburgh, 2a.; a

corporgtlg o! Pennsylvania r "Appll cetlb Julie 22,1938, Serial Nth- 215,192 I Thisinvehtioh relates gefilany t hydraimm power transmissions of the well k own F oettinger type a'rrdmore particutaLrly apparetus for cooling thedrivingjiquid car-such hyqrsunc pqwer transg provide a; simple and 7 highly practieal device through which afmechine ay be driven at consta tfor Varying speeds. Thistype of hydraulic w bowertransmission-replaces ormay be used irr eonju ctidn with friction or other clutches em:

ployed bhmaeh mes which 1 may be frequently starte d ,SJQDPBQJISt81lQd or reversed under any condition of load. Unlike the rhechahicatfriction 15 clutchthe hydraulic triiri smissions of the Feat tinge!" type are eapable- 6f jwilths tendtn g suddeh shocks, vibrations and variations in speed md iswmh u d ri emtw its pans.

g0 *missidns dr the Foettihger t transmitting the full torque 30 wormed into heat) whlchjifljbrdinery installations f is readily dissipated by-the circulation of ,jthe working fiuid thrbu gh;e;h" external cireuitiwhere meehanieel ei-his hbt [biti p rforms, In

' e vi s s whe 1 1M 1 rsienna"w n? 5 stall ih of thefrurmer -may kteke place fbzf'lrelaf lys or periodsof time thefheatjea bedis? sipateq lbyreqieltipii'eloxfej f rpm the e ternal surhohsly q nete e Hydraulic transmisslons of the y We type or the iappareth s, It 1 ,alsmpossime to heist bf the energy input,

P d n annu c ol n h m e w thin iafhw r 61W? i r sm s r mn d t9 receive arch-cu L i effl FQbSmb theh at v r H o w a mwwer r im runner, without damage to the malcmhery. When a bit is stalled the driller operatesthe drawworks,

raising the drill string t6 release'the bit from its jammed position. When thebit has been re leased and the load onthe drillstring isreduced 5 to a valuelesstha the capaeltyef the prime mover therunner of the hydraulictranjsmission will pickpp the load and againrdtate thefdrill 1stringandb1t. The bit isthen lowered to the bottom o fthehql anddrillihg 'isf resumed lintll 10 it mayagai be'eome jammectf By certain manila:

ulation of the drawworks machinery it is pussible wm mtainthe run; torque at the prime mover, attempting to rotate the drill string while freeing the bit from-it s jammed positibn. In this 15 3 case the prime mover: and the impeller ofhthef hydraulic powentrehsmissibn eofitinues to pperf ate whne thefdr'ill string ahdrunner of the bydraulle device are stalled or nearlytso,

tion of the stalls ma be momentary or forYan WL' W an Pumping mu to e be omer the" Mary r drill string'it is possible for cave-lin s Or other b+ striletiens to retard or' eompletely step the eircu occurendtheenergy 19st diietb thisslip is traits-f, latien of thefiowing mud; In 'stiehf cjases the hy= draulidtransxhisSionmust operate at high slips 3 r or even" stall until cireuleti q hasbeen reediried. i Here egeihfthe prime, mover ehq the impeller} 0t the hydrauhcf apparatus w il l cdhti ue tq bperate while the rhimeband mud fphnipare stalledfor 1f nism for drawwbrksf ahdfthefljhe, the cooling system must be capablefqt dissipati g the tote;

111 ln en ms l w qi oL F i 1$YW are not salient in the ordinary installations.

fluid 6f fthe hydraulic trensmissioh.

u met ,Obiect the previsi'on o an jihde power transmitting apparatus whereinthe walle forming said cooling chamber are common to the chambers containing the power transmission fluid.

Another object is the provision of an independent cooling chamber within a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus arranged to receiveadrculatingcoolingfluidstapointremoteoftheasisofrotationthereof.

Another object is the provision of means for circulating a cooling fluid through an independent cooling chamber within a hydraulic power transmission through the axis of rotation thereof.

Another object is the provision of an independent fluid circulating system within the easing of a hydraulic power transmission for absorbing the heat to be dissipated by the power transmission fluid therein.

Other obiects and advantages will appear hereinafter in 'the following ducrlption and claims.

of the shaft for transto said cofl.

The reduced endofthc honsingisalsoprovlded withasuitablestumng boxlltopreventtheescapeofthepower'transmittingmedium contained withintheunit. Ad-

ing housing connects the working chambers with the casing permitting the circulation of the powe transmitting fluid therebetween.

When it is desired to dispense with action of the hydraulic transmission the clutch pins 28 may be inserted through the housing into the runner as indicated on the drawings. They are removed and plugs II inserted in their stead when thetransmission is in use. A manually operated positive Jaw clutch may be employed in place of the pins 20. 'However the simpler structure is illustrated for the sake of clarity.

The power transmitting fluid or working liquid is cooled by means of an independently circulated cooling fluid. In Fig. 1 the cooling fluid is circulated in the chamber 30 which is formed by the annular housing II secured at its inner end to the enlarged portion 32 of the shaft it by means of the bolts 18 and secured at its outer perimeter ;to the runner by means of the bolts 34. This housing may be formed integral with the runner if desired,

One or more radial eways I! and it are provided through the-enlarged portion 32 of the shaft I. for connecting the bore 31 thereof with the cooling chamber 8|. A shoulder is formed adjacent the outer end of the passageways to receive the end of the radially distubes as. These tubes are inserted through the threaded openings 3! and their length is greater than the distance between the shoulders formed in the passageways I5 and the inner surface of the housing 3. Thus when installed the tubes do not completely enter the chamber 30 but their outer ends lie in the threaded openings SI and are secured in place by means of the threaded plugs ll.

The tubes II are provided with a transverse opening 3'' adjacent their outer ends to permit the cooling fluid carried thereby to be discharged into the cooling chamber 30 at the outer periphery thereof. The cooling fluid then circulates through the chamber 3. and is discharged therefrom through the passageways 36 to the bore of the shaft II. This construction permits the cooling fluid to come in direct contact with the shell of the runner and housing ll both of which contain the working liquid. With the exception of the outer perimeter of the enlargement 32 of the shaft II, the cooling chamber is completely surrounded by the working fluid. Thus the rate of heat exchange from the working fluid to the a cooling fluid is efliciently performed.

The bore 31 of the shaft II is divided into two fluid passageways by means of the coaxially posiiar threaded plug ll secured thereto and threadably engasing the bore Il.v The outer end of the tube II is closed by means of the solid plug 44.

The cooling fluid take-off ll, as shown inFlg.

1, comprises a tubular, housing I. supported on the shaft I. by means of the antiirictional bearings l1 and 4| which are secured in positionby the end rings ll. Theinner race of the bearing 41 is held against the shoulder I on the shaft II by means of the internally threaded nut ii which engages the short complementary threaded sec- I dispoaedportsli and lfspaced longitudinally same before it is jagainicirculatedto the cooling-fj chamber throughanexpanding valve. i

'f'romxone another intermediateof the ends of plugged end thereof. *Thus thepacking 55 segregates the ports Hand 56 and twoindependent fluid passageways leading to the cooling chambers areformed by the. tube ll. I l I I n A packing 51 is provided between the perimetral surface of the shaft l6 and the housing. in-.- termediate the ports 56 and 54, thereby providing independent; annular cooling fluid chambers 56 A packing 62 is also provided between the shaft l6 and the housing 46 on the outer sides of the chambers 56 and 56 and these chambers are maintained open by means of the springs 66 which hold the packings 51 and 62 in their proper positionslfas indicated. Relative motion occurs between these packings and the shaft [6 so adetaken fromjthe cooling tower and conveyed through the pipe 65 to the reservoir 66 from whence it maybe recirculated by means of thef pump 61 tofthe pipe 6|", thencei through the chamber 56, theport 54; thebore 31 of the shaft l6, the passageways 35, the tubes 36, and through thereof, the p ort ssjjni chambertt, e pipe to,

ing to thereservoir 66.

thecooling tewerfl and the pipe 65 re'turnff apparatustfor compressing and condensing-"the i6is supported by the equalizingmechanical sou-- pling 66 whichinturn is supported ononeend bearings 10. A vsgrooved drive "pulley" 1 I or its of the bearingsj 'l ll for driving a'rotary drilling rig oi' otherapparatiisl In the structure illustrated in Fig; 2 theficoolradiallydisposedcoils'thereceiving and discharge ends of which are secured in the enlarged por tion 610i the intermediate driven shaft l6 as shown at 16. The bight of the coils 12 are braced by the 'tie rods 16 which are tied to the 1 outer and similar bracing strap 15 is provided" adjacent the enlargementfl-"of the shaft 6. 1 The stationary coolingfluidtakeofl If a refrigerant is employed as a. d ifi ma 1 it willof course benecessary'toemploy the pmperv n The other endof theinterinediate driven 'shaft equivalent issecured to theshaft 66 intermediate J 65 inner-turns of alternate coils and arebolted to 'I6iis :ro-p tatably supported on theend ofthe second driven shaft 66. and is arrangedto be (:onnectedito suit-a able cooling apparatus similar .to "that shown in 1. I Since the cooling fluid take-off isnot: sup- 1 portedi on' -the' intermediate 1" driven shaft; I 6 U the tube 6 l isl continuedwthrough the equalizing 0011',-

I plingandthrough the bore of the shaft n. thetubular housing 46. 'I' heseports connect the bore 61 with. the space. formed by houslnE. l6. Thetubeli is packedwith respect to the bore 61 between the inner ends of the ports 66 and as indicated at55yand holes 66 are formed in the wall of thetube 6i between this packing and the In order to the fluid passageway between the perimetralsurface of thepipe I I and the coupling 66 to prevent leakage of the cooling fluid therein a pair of concentrically arranged flanged collars TI and 16 are secured to the endsof the I shafts l6 and 66 respectively. A packing I6 is held between the concentric portions of the collars I I1 and .16,- thereby providing a fluid seal for the cooling fluid as it passes the equallzinglcoupling from the shaft 66 to'the shaft I6 on its way to the cooling coilsll.

In Fig. 3 the cooling chamber 36 is replaced by asingle spirally wound cooling coil 66 which I I is secured to the shell of the runner by means of and 56 .which are connected exteriorly of the.

housing 46 to the pipes, 66 and 6| respectively. P

surrounds the tubing II in the bore of these shafts. Thusthe cooling fluid flowing to the cooling coils passes between the tub ings 62 and and enters the passageway 65 passing through the'coil 66 and returns through the passageway- 36, and

I thetubing 4i tothe takeoff 16 onthe end of the shaft. Since there is no fluid betweeirthe pipe 62 and the bores of the shafts l6 and.66 there is no need of a packing at the coupler 66. n

Fig. 3 also illustratesthe impeller ll secured to a flywheel. in place of being bolted directly to the crank shaft. In most "cases the flywheel actionof the hydraulic coupling lllis. suiiiclent. the openings 46 into the cooling chamber 66.} Thecooling fluid absorbs heat from the shell of' I 'the runner and thehousingill and returnsfrorrr I .I theehainbe r 30'through thefpassageways 36. the bore of the tube 4 I, the holes 55 through the walls larged portion 62 thereof for connecting the reservoi r 16 with the inner ends of the passages I formed by the vanes 24 and 25 of the impeller II and the runner 26. This passageway 66 aids in theIcirculation of the working, fluid from the workingchamber through the passageway 21 and the reservoir I5. n I

The bracings 14 and 15 for the coils]! as illustrated in Fig. 2 and the" straps 6| as illustrated in Fig. 3lprovide improved heat transfermediums by conductivity fromv the 1 working fluid. to the I I cooling fluid.

of the second driven shaft 66 supported by"the In Fig; e the coolingchainber ld s wed in two parts by meansof the radially disposed annulardisk 65 the flange portion of which fits, over one-half orthe peripheral surface ofthe enlarged portion 32 of the shaft 16 and is secured thereto I under the-housing plate 6 [by means of the bolts ing chamberfll has beenreplaced by a series of i as. 'Ihe Icylindricalkportionof .the flange of the disk 65- ls also provided with openlngs aligned with the passageways llto permit thencooling fluid :to enter the chamber 66 on one side of the disk, pass to the perimeter thereof and back on the other side of thedisk tothepassageways 66 I and thenceout through the tube ll. theshell 0fthe runnerl 26 therebetween; A

The housing}! o: the cooling chamber [in is I showncorrugated in 4 toprovide increased surface for. transferring heat from. the working fluid to the cooling fluid.

The coupling 0; isshown was the hydraulic transmission llfandthe crank shaft n thereby requiring ashort stub shaft 66 which is secured to the impeller I II in the seine mannerfas that illustrated in 1. Since theequa n lzcoupler um onthe driving side of m hr re j coupling n thereisn'o'needofapackingthereforand theshaftll extends throushtbebearings is.

supporting the rotary drilling'dig driving pulley II therebetween and the cooling fiuidtake-oif I. on the end thereof,

We claim: i

i. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, a driving shaft and a drivenshaft an impeller fixedonthe driving shaft, a runner fixedon the driven sha'ft, said impeller and runner confixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly. defining a vortex containing a power transmission liquid, a chamber adjacent to and in communication with the vortex and containing a supply of transmission liquid, and a cooling chamber dis pond in sealed relation within said chamber and having inlet and outlet connections with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through which a fiuid under pressure is circulated whereby beat is transferred from the impeller, runner and transmission liquid.

3. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an impeller fixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly defining-a vortex containing a power tramnission liquid, a juxtaposed sealed independent annular cooling chamber having inlet and outlet connections in communication with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through which a cooling fiuid under pressure is circulated, said inlet adapted to deliver cooling fluid to said cooling chamber at a point remote from the axis of rotation.

4. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, a driving shaft'and a driven shaft, an impeller fixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly defining a liquid operating chamber containing a power transmission liquid, a juxtaposed sealed independent annular cooling chamber having inlet and outlet connections in communication with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through which a cooling fluid under pressure is circulated. said axial conduits arranged in telescopic relationship and respectively in communication with a supply of fiuid through spaced transverse outlets in the shaft intermediate its ends, sealing means between said shaft outlets, to separate the fiow of fiuid in one conduit from that of the'other.

6.'In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an impeller fixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly defining a liquid operating chamber containing a power transmission liquid, a juxtaposed independent annular cooling chamber having inlet and outlet connections in communication with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through which a cooling fiuid is circulated, a third transmission shaft in axial alignment with and driven by saiddriven shaft, said axial conduits extending through the third shaft, wherein sealing means are provided to separate the fiow of fiuid in one conduit from that of the other, and means for circulating fiuid through the conduits and cooling chamber whereby the temperature of the rotor impeller and operating liquid is controlled.

'1. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an impeller fixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly defining a liquid operating chamber containing a power transmission liquid, an annular storage chamber adjacent to and in constant communication with the operating chamber and containing an additional supply of transmission liquid, and a cooling chamber disposed in sealed relation within said storage chamber and having inlet and outlet connections with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through which a fluid under pressure is circulated whereby heat is transferred from the impeller runner and transmission liquid, the walls of said cooling chamber being common to said cooling chamber and said storage and power transmission chamber.

, 8'. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an impeller fixed on the driving shaft, a runner fixed on the driven shaft, said impeller and runner conjointly defining a liquid operating chamber containing a power transmission liquid, a juxtaposed sealed independent annular cooling chamber having inlet and outlet connections in communication with axially disposed conduits in one of said shafts through whicha cooling fluid under pressure is circulated, said inlet connection including a radially disposed tube perforated at its outer end, a radial opening through-the peripheral portion of the cooling chamber through which said tube is assembled into operative position, and means for sealing said opening.

9. In a hydraulic transmission, the combination of an impeller member and a runner member, said members defining a working chamber, a storage chamber rotatably carried by one of said members and connected to the working chamber, said chambers containing the working liquid, a cooling chamber within the storage chamber and sealed therefrom, and means for passinga cooling liquid under pressure through the cooling 10. In a hydraulic transmission the combination of an impeller member, a runner member, said members having opposed operating chambers, a' working liquid arranged to operate between said members in saidoperating chambers,

- an annular storage chamber adjacent one of said members and in communication with said operating chambers for carrying a part of the working liquid, an annular partition in said storage chamber cooperating with said one member to form a cooling chamber, means for circulating a cooling fiuid through said cooling chamber, and. 7' v an annular disk. dividing said cooling chamber to direct the flow of the cooling fluid therethrough.

11. In a hydraulic transmission, the combination of an impeller member and a runner member, said members defining a working chamber, a storage chamber rotatably carried by one of said members and connected to the working chamber, said chambers containing the working liquid, a coil in the storage chamber and sealed therefrom, and means for passing a cooling liquid under pressure through the coil.

12. In a hydraulic transmission the combination of an impeller member, a runner member, said members having opposed operating chambers for receiving a working liquid, means secured to one of said members and enclosing the other of said members forming a storage chamber in communication with said operating chambers for carrying a part of said working liquid, means defining an independent chamber in said enclosed member, and means for circulating a cooling fluid in said independent chamber for absorbing heat from the working liquid.

13. In a hydraulic transmission the combination with an impeller member and a runner member coniointly defining an operating chamber containing a power transmitting liquid, of means secured to one of said members and enclosing the other 0! said members forming a reservoir in communication with said operating chamber for carrying a part of said working liquid, and means defining an independent cooling chamber between the reservoir and the operating chamber through which a fluid is circulated for cooling the transmission.

ERNEST L. DURRELL. M ERTON T. ARCHER. 

